Stephen Miller is the most powerful and malevolent actor in the Trump Administration other than Trump himself. His personal history is chock full of hate and resentment. While most of his rhetoric is nakedly white supremacist and betrays his own family history (a self-hating Jew is an over-used accusation but he is the poster boy), Miller sometimes advances claims based on other reasons. Which gets us to Greenland.
"Nobody’s going to fight the United States militarily over the future of Greenland. ...The real question is, by what right does Denmark assert control over Greenland? Obviously, Greenland should be part of the United States," he said.
People are suggesting that Miller is invoking the Melian Dialogue from Thuycidides's History of the Peloponnesian War, where the Athenians provide an ultimatum to the Melians, telling them that the strong do what they want, and the weak do what they must. First, that is probably giving Miller too much credit--that he is not so thoughtful as to try to invoke the supposedly original Realist text. Second, the Athenians in this account are not just the bad guys, but they ultimately go on to pay a huge price for this war. But his language suggests that he is a "Realist" as he is saying the "US is the power of NATO" which entitles it to do what it wants.
The problem here is that Realism has many flavors and none really work here. My favorite flavor, Neo-Realism a la Ken Waltz, argues that countries pursue security, which then leads to all kinds of behavir including the security dilemma, where the efforts by one country to unilaterally improve its security, which causes others to respond in kind, so that the first state is left off as or more insecure. This helps to explain things like arms races. In this case, how does poaching Greenland improve US security? At this moment in time, the US already has heaps of access to Greenland, and attacks upon it or through it are already deterred by Denmark's membership in NATO and the US nuclear umbrella. There is no threat to US from Greenland's status as a dominion of Denmark. However, seizing Greenland or coercing Denmark into giving it up will weaken US security as it is likely to break NATO--the biggest ally threatening and even warring against one of the most reliable allies will end the alliance. And this will make the US less secure as it will have less help when the US needs it, it will have greatly increase the chances of a war beyond Ukraine in Europe (American security has always, always been affected by war in Europe going back to the Revolution itself and the War of 1812).
A more rancid flavor of Realism that focuses on the quest for power also can't explain the Greenland effort. The US will be less powerful after a successful annexation of Greenland. Yes, the US will have more territory, but it will have face economic sanctions and have fewer allies, which means it will not be as able to exert influence in the world. That is what power is: the ability to get others to do what they would otherwise not do.
A third way to think about Realism is realpolitik--which focuses on how best to use judiciously one's power to achieve one's ends--more as policy prescription than as grand theory. How is seizing Greenland a judicious use of power? This means we have to figure out what are the ends of this, rather than just assuming the accumulation of power or security. What is the point of annexing Greenland other than Donald Trump's 1970s real estate mindset? That he would feel better about himself if he expands the territory of his holdings? And, yes, he does look at the US through a monarchical lens where the US is his real estate holdings and growing that makes him feel more powerful. But again, alienating powerful countries, and, yes, Europe has much power, even if it is not always harnessed, for a vanity project is not very judicious.
So, there is no way that Miller's and Trump's designs on Greenland match up with any version of realism--the idea is just too dumb and counter-productive. I would guess that some players within this administration might see the destruction of NATO as a cool consequence of this effort, but that is not driving this train.
What Realism does tell us is that countries will react to this in ways that are inimical to the American national interest. However, Trump does not have any conception of the national interest, just his own interests. What are those? Greed and resentment and ego.
Miller? He's Trump's Iago but without a real plan and none of the charm.









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